Counsel for blood transfusion

1. Introduction

-To patient and verify patients identity

-Include husband if husband is around

1. Ensure privacy

2. Explain current condition and indication

-Pre-existing anaemia

-Primary PPH

-Post-partum Hb 6g/dL

-She got symptomatic anaemia

3. Explain procedure

- Cross match blood

- Infection screening of blood product : HIV, HepB, HepC

- Transfuse 2 pints of pack cells

- Duration 6 hours/pint

- Diuretic in between to prevent fluid overload

- Repeat FBC after transfusion

4. Explain complication

- acute transfusion reaction

-blood-borne disease : HIV, HepB, HepC

- ABO incompatibility

-volume overload

- need for further transfuse if Hb level not satisfy

5. If patient refuse???

- ask the reason why?

-re-explain and convince the patient

- explain the complication of anaemia : heart failure

- if patient still refuse --> refer to other doctor / specialist

source: workshop

hanisah A115275

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Counsel for pap smear

1. Introduction

2. Ask patient if she know what we will do

3. Explain indication

-screening tool for cervical Ca

-yearly for two years,if normal then three yearly

- age 20-65 / once sexually active

4. Explain procedure

- duration is about 5-10 minutes

-no analgesia/ LA/ sedation given

- patient will feel uncomfortable during the procedure

-this is sterile procedure, wash hand,do aseptic technique, wear sterile gloves

- in dorsal position with open leg

- clean the perineum first with sterile water

- do bimanual palpation to know the position of cervix

- insert the Cusco speculum

-visualize if there is any lesion or abnormality if vulva/vagina/cervix

-use Ayre’s spatula to take sample

- rotate the spatula 360⁰

-put the smear on the slide

-make sure the slide have name and RN

- fix the slide with cytofix/ alcohol

-send the slide to lab

-then remove the speculum

-the procedure is finish

5. Explain complication of procedure

-spotting

-if having heavy bleeding come to hospital ASAP

-infection

6. Result

- ready in 1-2 weeks

- if normal, we don’t call. But if abnormal,we will call

- futher management will be done if any abnormalities detected

7. Ask patient if any question

source: workshop and dr. nasir

hanisah A115275

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Consent for Dilatation & curettage

1. Introduction

2. Confirm the diagnosis

3. Tell the patient indication for the procedure – to remove retained POC

4. Explain the procedure

- this is aseptic procedure

- duration 15-30 minutes

- NBM at least 6 hours before procedure (ask last meal)

- give patient IV drip

- anaesthetist will review patient before operation to choose mode of GA/ regional

- done in operation theatre

- in lithotomy position

- clean and drape

- bladder catheterization

- vaginal examination to see os open/ close

- bimanual examination to know uterus size and position of cervix

- insert Sim’s speculum to visualize the cervix

-Use vulsellum to grab anterior lip of cervix

- insert uterine sound to measure length of uterocervical canal

- if os is closed, dilate with Hegar dilator – use from 3mm – 8mm

- ovum forceps is inserted to remove POC

- use blunt curate to remove POC

-Ask anaesthetist to give IV pitocin 40 unit to make sure uterus is contracted and hard so not easily perforated

- use sharp curate until gritty sensation is felt

- hemostasis secured

-remove vulsellum

-send POC for HPE

- count for estimated blood loss

5. Explain complication to the patient

Short term

- uterus perforate

-Bleeding

-infection

Long term

-adhesion,difficult to conceived

-Asherman syndrome

-placenta previa,placenta accrete

6. Ask patient is she has any enquiries

source: workshop

hanisah A115275

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Manual removal of placenta (MRP)

· Failure to deliver the placenta within 30 minutes after delivery of the fetus

· Management :

- monitor vital sign

-observe if there is sign of placental separation

-continue massage uterus

-if still no sign of separation , call MO

-insert large bore IV access (16-18 gauge)

-take blood and send for FBC & GXM

-do catheterization

- attempt control cord traction, if still failed, take verbal consent for MRP

· Preparation:

1. Give IV antibiotic Flagyl 500mg stat and 400mg TDS + Ampicillin 1 gm stat and 500mg QID for 1 day

2. Ensure adequate analgesia ( GA, epidural ,spinal)

3. If patient already on epidural, procedure can be carried out in LR

· Procedure:

1. Put patient in lithotomy position

2. Clean and drape

3. Scrub and wear MRP gloves

4. Put left hand on abdomen to encourage uterus to contract

5. Re-attempt CCT

6. If failed, the left hand should remain on abdomen

7. Insert right hand into uterine cavity by following direction of umbilical cord

8. If present of constriction ring at lower uterine segment, slowly dilate cervical ring until hand able pass to fundus ( forcefully dilate lead to vasovagal attack)

9. Plane of cleavage is identified

10. Assess degree of adherence and site of attachment of placenta

11. By moving fingers from side to side, this plane of cleavage is extended until whole placenta free from wall of uterus

12. Placenta is then removed

13. Re-explore cavity to make sure cavity is empty

14. Abandoned procedure if there is placenta accrete

15. Give IM syntometrine / IV pitocin to promote uterine contraction

16. Check placenta for completeness

17. Continuous iv pitocin 30units in 500mls NS at rate 125mls/hr infusion for 4-6 hours after procedure to maintain uterine contraction

· Complication

-post partum hemorrhage

-infection

-if placenta accrete --> risk of hysterectomy

source: workshop

hanisah A115275

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Counselling: Couple with Unexplained Infertility

1. Explain to the patient wait and see

- spontaneous conception can occur after – 1 year 85%

2 years 90 %

3 years 92-95%

2. Lifestyle modification

- no smoking

- reduced alcohol consumption – female 1-2 units/week

- male 2-3 units/week

3. Avoid stressful condition

- spacing sexual intercourse 2-3days to make sure increase sperm count and quality of sperm

4. Advice husband

- not taking hot bath or frequent sauna because this can reduced the sperm count

- do not wear tight underwear -->wear boxer

5. Advice wife on cleanliness and hygiene

- if having vaginal discharge,seek treatment ,need to treat infection first

6. Give folic acid supplement to prevent neural tube defect

7. Give other choice to patient if they don’t want wait and see..

- if still young --> can wait

- if getting older --> clomiphene -->IUI --> IVF

source : teaching with dr nasir

Hanisah A115275

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Consent for bilateral tubal ligation

1. Introduction

2. Explain indication

- 3 scar

-age more than 35 and completed family

3. Ask husband to join discussion if he is there

4. Ask patient what she knows regarding BTL

5. First of all, explain that this is permanent and irreversible procedure

6. If she understood and still want to proceed, continue to explain to her

7. If she did not agree,stop the discussion

8. Usually this procedure done together during LSCS, if done in daycare usually laparoscopic

9. Under GA/ CSE / epidural – anaest will review

10. Failure rate of BTL is 1 in 200 people (0.05%)

11. There is many type of BTL

- pomeroy method

-filshie clip/ hulka clip

- ring

-electocauterize

12. Advantage of doing this BTL

-no compliance issues anymore for contraception

-not disrupt in sexual intercourse

- no hormonal manipulation

13. Correct any myth

- patient always think that BTL = menopause : explain that we don’t remove ovary, so hormone still release as usual,and they will have period normally

- they also think that this will decrease libido : explained that it is not related

14. Explain complication

-failure of BTL : ectopic pregnancy ( if missed period, come to check for UPT)

(due to recanalization and fistula formation)

-bleeding

-infection

-injury to bladder and ureter

source: ward round wad merah and dr nasir

hanisah A115275

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Consent for elective caeserian section

1. Introduction

2. Explain indication

- breech presentation

-previous scar

-placenta previa major

-macrosomic baby

-unstable lie

-fibroid / cyst obstructing the lower segment

3. Explain on procedure

- we will give admission form to admit to ward one day prior to operation

- ELSCS at 38 weeks

-fasting start at 12MN

-blood taking for FBC and GXM 2 pints pack cells

-also take consent for blood transfusion and hysterectomy in case anything happened

-CBD will be inserted in the morning before operation

-prophylaxis antibiotic will be given

- operation done by epidural/ CSE – anaest will review before operation

-duration 30-45 minutes

- lower abdomen will be cut for 10cm, baby out, placenta out, sutured

4. Explain complication

Early

- anaesthetic complication : nausea, vomiting, headache

-bleeding / PPH

- injury to bladder/ colon

-infection

Late

-decrease family size, limit to 3 lscs only

- adhesion

-next pregnancy LSCS

5. Postpartum

- 3 days monitoring in the ward for any bleeding

-give prophylaxis s/c heparin 5000iu thromboprophylaxis

-Wound inspection at day2

-monitor urine output, CBD will be romeved if patient can ambulate well

6. Advice patient on contraception

- need to have good spacing 2 years

- use contraceptive device that has good pearl index

-ensure patient compliance

-TCA 6 weeks at family planning clinic

7. Ask for any enquiries

sources: teaching with dr nasir

hanisah A115275

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