Causes of unilateral leg swelling:

Vessel - Artery - acute limb ischemia
Vein - Chronic venous insufficiency (varicose vein), DVT, post-phlebitic leg synd
Lymph - lymphedema (non pitting)
Bone - # , tibia osteomyelitis
Soft tissue - swelling (post-trauma - knee sprain/injury, gastrocnemius muscle tear/haematoma, cruciate knee ligament tear)
Skin - cellulitis
Tumor - osteosarcoma (compression of large veins by tumor)
infection eg filariasis
others:
necrotising fascitis
compartment synd
Ruptured baker's cyst

find it easier to rmb based on the anatomical structure thr:)
Hope it helps:)

Posted by CP,
feel free to comment if i am wrong and if thr's any additional info pls feel free to add:) TQ!

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funny how it looks

when you see an acidotic pH
bicarb also low: to may think its metabolic acidosis(can also look at lactate-to indicate sepsis)
but when you see the pCo2 is also high: co2 retention on the same time
-it is a mixed respiratory and metablic acidosis- occurs a lot a very sick patients

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basic breath sounds and heart sounds/murmurs

download here..hope this will be beneficial to refresh our memory.

click link below to download

breath sounds

heart sounds application

edited :)

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addition
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breath and heart sounds
(not sure whether it is the same with above or not...)

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Simple Acid-Base Disorders and Expected Compensation

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Contraindications to lumbar puncture

A lumbar puncture should not be performed in a patient with suspected meningococcemia when certain conditions are present. This is intended to minimize the risk for cerebral herniation or other adverse effect when there may be little additional information obtained from the CSF studies.

Contraindications to lumbar puncture:

(1) confident clinical diagnosis of meningococcal disease, with typical hemorrhagic rash

(2) drowsiness or impaired consciousness

  Glasgow coma scale <>

  deteriorating Glasgow coma scores

  signs of raised intracranial pressure

(3) focal neurologic signs

(4) signs of raised intracranial pressure, including marked instability in blood pressure and heart rate

(5) evidence of septic shock, with signs of poor perfusion

(6) infection at the planned lumbar puncture site

(7) moderate to severe bleeding disorder

Additional notes:

(1) A normal CT scan does not exclude a raised intracranial pressure.

(2) If lumbar puncture is not performed and the patient has not improved within 24 hours despite therapy, then reassess the need for lumbar puncture.

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Age Correction in Prematurely Born Infants

Premature infants are smaller and less developed than full term infants of the same postnatal age.
If the gestational age at birth is used to correct the postnatal age, then the development of the premature infant can be more meaningfully compared to normal infants.


corrected age in weeks
= (age in weeks since birth) - [40 - (weeks of gestation at birth)]


The age correction should be done for the first year.
Afterwards the correction has little if any benefit, and the chronological age can be used.

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2010 Rheumatoid Arthritis Classification Criteria

click image to enlarge

Application of these criteria provides a score of 0–10, with a score of >/= 6 being indicative of the presence of definite RA.

A patient with a score below 6 cannot be classified as having definite RA, but might fulfill the criteria at a later time point.

for details, you may need to read journal on "2010 Rheumatoid Arthritis Classification Criteria" by An American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Collaborative Initiative

or

READ ONLINE HERE

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